Lobbies y el T-MEC: el papel de los grupos de interés en la negociación de las reglas de inversión del Nuevo TLCAN
Este artículo examina el proceso de negociación del T-MEC (Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá) que llevó a la sustitución del TLCAN (Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte), cumpliendo una promesa clave de la era Trump. Centrándonos en las disposiciones de inversión del Capítulo 14, nuestro análisis revela los diferentes resultados para los inversores en contratos gubernamentales, quienes pudieron mantener los niveles de protección y el acceso a la solución de controversias entre inversores y Estados (conocida por la sigla inglesa ISDS), en detrimento de otros inversores. Al destacar el marco legal que implica 25 comités comerciales consultivos vinculados al USTR, examinamos un corpus de 40 documentos, revelando la influencia significativa de los grupos de interés, especialmente la National Manufacturers Association (NAM). Los hallazgos iluminan las complejidades de las negociaciones de acuerdos económicos y destacan el impacto sustancial de los grupos de presión en la formulación de la política económica exterior de Estados Unidos.
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