Digitalización del procedimiento civil en los países BRICS
En el presente artículo, los autores pretenden analizar las cuestiones actuales relacionadas con la implementación de las tecnologías digitales y de inteligencia artificial (IA) en el proceso civil en los países BRICS. La novedad de la investigación radica en la generalización de la experiencia de los países BRICS de acuerdo con los últimos desarrollos en la doctrina, la práctica y la legislación en el período postCOVID19. Sobre la base de un análisis jurídico comparativo, los autores describen de forma coherente la experiencia de todos los Estados miembros de la organización BRICS en 2023. Las principales conclusiones a las que llegan los autores son las siguientes: el nivel de digitalización difiere en los países BRICS en términos de indicadores cualitativos y cuantitativos, lo que conduce a una ralentización general de este proceso en los países de esta unión. Para superar este obstáculo, los Estados deben, en primer lugar, desarrollar una regulación legislativa del proceso de digitalización a nivel nacional, dotar a los tribunales de equipamiento tecnológico y mejorar el nivel de alfabetización de los jueces y del personal de los tribunales. Además, los países BRICS deben tener en cuenta la experiencia de otros países BRICS para crear sinergias entre ellos, así como tomar prestados los puntos fuertes del proceso de digitalización en otros países e integrarlos en sus procesos de sociedad civil. Es necesario consolidar el desarrollo de la introducción de las nuevas tecnologías en los procedimientos civiles entre los países BRICS.
Detalles del artículo
Estudios en Derecho a la Información por Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
Agrawal, K. B. (2016). Civil Procedure in India. Wolters Kluwer.
Bagaric, M., Svilar, J., Bull, M., Hunter, D., & Stobbs, N. (2022). The solution to the pervasive bias and discrimination in the criminal justice system: transparent and fair artificial intelligence. American Criminal Law Review, 59(1), 95–148.
Brait, B., Pistori, M. H. C., Dugnani, B. L., Stella, P. R., & Rosa, C. G. (2023). Ethical Answerability in Science, Art, and Life. Bakhtiniana: Revista de Estudos do Discurso, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-4573e61712
CMC Woodworking Machinery (Pty) Ltd v Pieter Odendaal Kitchens (KZD) (unreported case no 6846/2006, 3-8-2012). https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAKZDHC/2012/44.html
Ciurea, A., (2023). Viziunea europeană asupra digitalizării Justiţiei, pentru perioada 2020-2025. Revista Română de Drept al Afacerilor, 5, 76–96.
Damian C., et al., (2021) Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in BRICS and the European Union. BRICS Law Journal, 8(1), 86-115.
De Souza, J., Finger, M., De Araújo, J., & Maranhão, J. (2023). Selecting and ranking leading cases in Brazilian Supreme Court decisions. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 38, E7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888923000073
Department of Justice (2023). Video Conferencing. Retrieved from https://dashboard.doj.gov.in/ecourts-projects-phaseII/video_conferencing.php.
Fanni, R., Steinkogler, V. E., Zampedri, G., & Pierson, J. (2023). Enhancing human agency through redress in Artificial Intelligence Systems. AI & society, 38(2), 537-547.
Gao, X. Q. (2019). Chinese justice in the era of artificial intelligence. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 49(4), 229–40.
Gogić, K., (2022). The Impact of Covid-19 on the Digitalization of Justice in the European Union. CIFILE Journal of International Law, 6(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.30489/cifj.2022.360561.1058
Gritsenko, E. V., Yaluner, Yu. A. (2020). Right to judicial protection and access to court in the era of digitalization: value of experience in common law countries for Russia. Sravnitel’noe konstitutsionnoye obozreniye, 3, 97-129.
Holmström, J., (2022). From AI to digital transformation: The AI readiness framework. Business Horizons, 65(3), 329 –339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.03.006
Izralovsky, N. R., Petrova, A. S. (2024). Digitalization of civil proceedings in BRICS counties: Brazilian and South African experience. Evraziiskiy juridichesky journal, 2(183), 67-70.
Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (2018-2022). Judicial Department reports. http://www.cdep.ru/?id=195.
Kerche, F., de Oliveira, V. E., & Couto C. C. (2020). The Brazilian Councils of Justice and Public Prosecutor’s Office as Instruments of Accountability. Brazilian journal of public administration. 54(5), 1334-1360.
Khabrieva, T. Ya. & Chernogor, N. N. (2018). Law in a Digital Reality. Russian Law Journal, 1(253), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.12737/art_2018_1_7
Kirit, J. (2021). The Wheels of Justice Delivery Mechanism: An Introspection, The SCC Online Blog. https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/07/06/the-wheels-of-justice-delivery-mechanism-an-introspection/
Kleinberg, J., Ludwig, J., Mullainathan, S., & Sunstein, C. R. (2018). Discrimination in the Age of Algorithms. Journal of Legal Analysis, 10, 113–174.
Kukartseva, A. N. (2023). The Impact of Digitalization on the Exercise of Judicial Power in the Russian Federation. Kemerovo State University Herald, 7(1), 112–118. DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-112-118.
Legg, M. & Song, A. (2020). The courts, the remote hearing and the pandemic: from action to reflection. UNSW Law Journal, 44(1), 126-166.
Mabeka, N. Q. (2018). The impact of e-technology on law of civil procedure in South Africa. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Law. Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
Marda, V. (2018). Artificial intelligence policy in India: a framework for engaging the limits of data-driven decision-making. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0087
NITI Aayong. (2018). National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence. https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf
Pevtsova, E. A. (2020). The influence of artificial intelligence on human legal activity. Journal of Russian. Law, 9, 19-31.
Prasałek, J. (2015) Digitalization of civil proceedings. Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law. Bielsko-Biała, PL, 6(3), 82–104. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2914
Rahbari, E., & Shabanpoor, A. (2023). The Challenges in Employing of AI Judge in Civil Proceedings. Legal Research Quarterly, 25(Special Issue of Law &Technology), 419-444. https://doi.org/10.52547/jlr.2022.228967.2335
Razveykina, N. A., Shikhanova, E. G., & Dmitriev, A. V. (2022) Digitalization of Legal Proceedings as a Way to Ensure Access to Justice. Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences, 58, 621–627. https://doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2022-58-621-627
Re, R. M., & Solow-Niederman, A. (2019). Developing artificially intelligent justice. Stanford Technology Law Review, 22, 242.
Ribeiro, G. L., & Dwyer, T. (2015). Social, political and cultural challenges of the BRICS. Langaa RPCIG.
Roy, R. (2020). Physical Court Hearings Can’t Be Done Away With, But Virtual Courts Must Be Strengthened: Justice M B Lokur. https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/physical-court-hearings-cant-be-done-away-with-but-virtual-courts-must-be-strengthened-justice-m-b-lokur-156717?infinitescroll=1
Robert, L. P., Pierce, C., Marquis, L., Kim, S., & Alahmad, R. (2020). Designing fair AI for managing employees in organizations: a review, critique, and design agenda. Human–Computer Interaction, 35(5-6), 545-575.
Rusakova, E. P. & Zaytsev, V. V. (2022). Digitalization through the Principles of Legal Proceedings (In Civil and Arbitration Process). Economic problems and legal practice, 18(4), 105-109.
Rusakova, E. P. (2022). The impact of digitalization on civil proceedings in Russia and abroad: the experience of China, India, Singapore, the European Union, the USA, South Africa and some other countries. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Law. Moscow, Russian Federation.
Rusakova, E. P., & Frolova, E. E. (2021). Current Problems of Digital Justice in the BRICS Countries. Smart Technologies for the Digitisation of Industry: Entrepreneurial Environment. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 254, 143-153.
Rusakova, E. P., & Frolova, E. E. (2022). Procedural Standards for Civil Proceedings in China’s Internet Courts. New Technology for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Technological Support, Standards and Commercial Turnover (pp. 187-192). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
S v Mdlongwa (99/10) (2010) ZASCA 82. https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2010/82.html/
Sambasivan, N., Arnesen, E., Hutchinson, B., Doshi, T., & Prabhakaran, V. (2021). Re-imagining algorithmic fairness in India and beyond. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445896
STJ., (2020). Process No 028532/2020. https://transparencia.stj.jus.br/wp-content/uploads/RDI_1trim2021_28abr2021.pdf
Santoni de Sio, F., Almeida, T., & Van Den Hoven, J. (2024). The future of work: freedom, justice and capital in the age of artificial intelligence. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 27(5), 659-683.
Sergunin, A., & Gao, F. (2018). BRICS as the subject of study of international relations theory. International Organizations Research Journal, 13(4), 55-73.
Tang, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2018). Qian Xuesen’s ‘Cultural Design’ and the Development of Engineering Science at the University of Science and Technology of China. Cultures of Science, 1(2), 133-153.
Tarakanov, V. V., Inshakova, A. O., & Dolinskaya, V. V. (2019). Information society, digital economy and law. Ubiquitous Computing and the Internet of Things: Prerequisites for the Development of ICT, 3-15.
The European Parlaiment (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1717 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 on a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R1717
The Government of the Russian Federation (2012). On the federal target program “Development of the judicial system of the Russian Federation for 2013-2024” (Decree of December 27, 2012 N 1406). Moscow, Russian Federation: Moscow.
The National Council of Justice. 2020. Resolution No 332/2020. Brasília. Federative Republic of Brazil
The State Duma (2002). The Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. (No 138-FZ). Moscow, Russian Federation: Moscow.
The State Duma (2010). Federal Law of July 27 “On organization of provision of state and municipal services” (No 210-FZ). Moscow, Russian Federation: Moscow.
The State Duma (2021). Federal Law of December 30, 2021 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” (No 440-FZ). Moscow, Russian Federation: Moscow.
Tiwari, R. K., & Singh, A. (2020). Digitalization-The New Era of Indian Judiciary. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(3), 196-200.
Thorstensen, V., Ferraz L., (2017). The BRICS and the challenges of global economic governance. Brasil nas ondas do mundo, 117-160. https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1433-5_6
UNGP (2022). Digital Strategy 2022–2025. https://digitalstrategy.undp.org/
Valeev, D. & Makolkin, N. (2021). Digitization of Civil Legal Proceedings in the Russian Federation, Russian Law Journal, 9(4), 158-175.
Van Der Merwe, D., Roos, A., Erlank, W., Eiselen, S., Nel, S., Mabeka, Q. & Pistorius, T. (2022). Information and Communications Technology Law 3rd Ed. South Africa: LexisNexis.
Voskobitova, L. A. & Przhilenskiy, V.I. (2022). Transformation of Legal Reality under the Impact of Digitalization. Kutafin Law Review, 9(2), 251-276.
Wang, N., & Tian, M. Y. (2022). ‘Intelligent Justice’: AI Implementations in China’s Legal Systems. Artificial Intelligence and Its Discontents: Critiques from the Social Sciences and Humanities (pp. 197-222). Springer International Publishing.
Xiong, C. (2021). Deng Xiaoping’s Views on Science and Technology: Origins of the Sino-U.S. Science and Technology Cooperation, 1977–1979. Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 28(2), 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1163/18765610-28020005
Xu, Z. (2022). Human Judges in the era of artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 36(1), 1025-1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.2013652
Zaytseva, L. V. & Sukhova, N. V. (2019). Electronic evidence in civil proceedings: procedural proof issues. Herald of Civil Procedure, 9(1), 189-204.
Zeman, J. (2022). Digitalization and COVID-19 in the Justice Sector. Proceedings from the EDAMBA 2021 conference, 560-570. https://doi.org/10.53465/EDAMBA.2021.9788022549301.560-570