La participación presidencial en los procesos legislativos en Indonesia: ¿una particularidad constitucional o una anomalía estructural dentro de un sistema presidencialista?
El proceso legislativo en Indonesia, definido por la Constitución de 1945, se caracteriza por una participación significativa del presidente, que incluye la presentación de proyectos de ley, la participación en deliberaciones y la promulgación de leyes. Esto contrasta con otros sistemas presidenciales en los que el papel del poder ejecutivo en la elaboración de leyes es más limitado. Este estudio analiza si el enfoque de Indonesia es una característica constitucional única o una anomalía que altera la separación de poderes. Mediante un enfoque jurídico normativo, la investigación analiza disposiciones constitucionales, leyes y estudios comparativos de sistemas presidenciales a nivel mundial, incluidos los de Estados Unidos, Sudáfrica y Colombia. Examina textos legales y acontecimientos históricos para identificar ambigüedades y conflictos de procedimiento. Los resultados revelan que el proceso legislativo de Indonesia fomenta la cooperación entre los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo, pero genera incertidumbres jurídicas y posibles conflictos. La participación del presidente, particularmente en lo que respecta a las facultades de veto y al presupuesto estatal, se desvía de la teoría clásica de la separación de poderes, lo que genera inquietudes sobre la inestabilidad de la gobernabilidad. En última instancia, la ambigüedad procesal del sistema sugiere que podría tratarse de una anomalía más que de una innovación funcional.
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